Uncertainty of Measurement of Bulk and Shaken Density of Pulgran and Salmag
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Published:
Sep 30, 2020
Keywords:
complex standard uncertainty, bulk density, shaken density
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Abstract
The article presents results of research on the bulk and shaken density of two commercial fertilizers: Pulgran urea and universal nitrogen fertilizer Salmag. A statistical analysis of the obtained results of average density at the assumed level of significance proved a significant difference between shaken and bulk density investigated with the use of Engelsmann apparatus and shaken density tested with a laboratory shaker for both investigated fertilizers. The obtained test results and uncertainty of the measured values served for calculation of uncertainty of the standard complex bulk and shaken density determined in case of many uncertainties. Further, an analysis of the impact of error sources on the value of complex uncertainty was conducted. The final results of the measurement were presented according to the convention of the Central Office of Measures.
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Nowak, J., Przystupa, W., & Krawczuk, A. (2020). Uncertainty of Measurement of Bulk and Shaken Density of Pulgran and Salmag. Agricultural Engineering , 24(3), 73-81. Retrieved from http://agriceng.ptir.org/index.php/AgricEng/article/view/253
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References
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Søgaard, H.T., Kierkegaard, P. (1994). Yield reduction resulting from uneven fertilizer distribution. Transactions of the ASAE, 37(6), 1749-1752.
Taylor, B.N., Kuyatt, C.H. (1994). Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results. NIST Technical Note 1297.
Taylor, J.R. (1997). An Introduction to Error Analysis. The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements. Sausalito. California. University Science Books.
Virk, S.S., Mullenix, D.K., Sharda, A., Hall, J.B., Wood, C.W., Fasina, O.O., McDonald, T.P., Pate, G.L., Fulton, J.P. (2013). Case study: Distribution uniformity of a blended fertilizer applied using a variable-rate spinner-disc spreader. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 29(5), 627-636.
Antille, D.L., Sakrabani, R., Tyrrel, S.F., Le, M.S., Godwin, R. J. (2013). Characterisation of organomineral fertilizers derived from nutrient-enriched biosolids granules. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2013, 694597. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/694597
Arendarski, J. (2013). Niepewność pomiarów. Warszawa, Poland, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej.
Biskupski, A., Schab, S., Myka, A., Dawidowicz, M. (2012). Physicochemical properties of fertilizers available on market and possibility of production of blended fertilizers. Chemik, 66(5), 541-548.
Bovolenta, S., F. Pezzi, F. (1996). Caratteristiche fisico-meccaniche di due fertilizzanti organici granulati epellettati. Rivista di Ingegneria Agraria, 3, 138-145.
Coleman, H.W., Steele, W.G. (2009). Experimentation, validation, and uncertainty analysis for engineers, 3rd edition. Hoboken, New Jersey. USA., John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
De, D. (1989). Flow behavior of chemical fertilizers as affected by their properties. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 42(4), 235-249.
Dorozhovets, M., Warsza, Z.L. (2007). Propozycje rozszerzenia metod wyznaczania niepewności wyniku pomiarów wg Przewodnika GUM. Uwzględnianie wpływu autokorelacji i nieadekwatności rozkładu wyników obserwacji w niepewności typu A. Pomiary, Automatyka, Robotyka, 1, 6-15.
JCG (2008). Evaluation of measurement data - guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. JCG, 100:2008. https://ncc.nesdis.noaa.gov/documents/documentation/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf [2020-10-12]
Lira, I. (2002). Evaluating the measurement uncertainty. Fundamentals and practical guidance. Series in measurement science and technology. Bristol, UK. Institute of Physics Publishing Bristol and Philadelphia.
Maldaner, L.F., Molin, J.P., Canata, T.F., Passalaqua, B.P., Quirόs, J.J. (2016). Static and kinematic for determining spreaders effective width. Proceeding of the 13th International Conference on Precision Agriculture. July 31-August 4, 2016. St. Louis, Missouri, USA. http://afurlan.com.br/lap/cp/assets/layout/files/tc/pub_static-and-kinematic-tests-for-determining-spreaders--effective-width---maldaner-l-f-molin-j-p-canata-t-f-passalaqua-b-p-quiros-j-j---icpa-2016-18-10-2016.pdf [2020-05-22].
Miserque, O. (2005). Analyse de l’influence des caractéristiques physiques des particules d’engrais sur le comportement des mélanges. PhD thesis. Belgium. University of Liège, Faculty of Applied Sciences.
Miserque, O., Pirard, E. (2004). Segregation of bulk blend fertilizers. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 74, 215-224.
Paré, M.C., Allaire, S.E., Khiari, L., Nduwamungu, C. (2009). Physical properties of organo-mineral fertilizers – short communication. Canadian Biosystems Engineering, 51(3), 21-27. http://www.csbe-scgab.ca/docs/journal/51/c0826.pdf [2020-06-19].
Paré, M.C., Allaire, S.E., Khiari, L., Parent, L.E. (2010). Improving physical properties of organo-mineral fertilizers: substitution of peat by pig slurry compost. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 26(3), 447-454.
PN-EN 1236:1999 Nawozy − Oznaczanie gęstości nasypowej (luźnej).
PN-EN 1237:2000 Nawozy − Oznaczanie gęstości nasypowej (utrzęsionej).
Przystupa, W. (2013). Analiza wysiewu nawozów mineralnych rozsiewaczami odśrodkowymi. Lublin, Towarzystwo Wydawnictw Naukowych LIBROPOLIS.
Przywara, A. (2012). Effect of construction parameters of centrifugal spreader on mineral fertilizer spreading process. PhD thesis. Poland. University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Production Engineering.
Scharf, P. (2009). Streaky fields and uneven application of N fertilizer. Integrated Pest and Crop Management, 19(2), 10-11.
Schenkel, Y., Miserque, O. (2005). Les caractéristiques physiques des particlues d’engrai: mesure et influence. Rapport final N° NM/42/43. Bruxelles. Politique Scientifique Federale.
Sousa e Silva, J.P., Splendor, D., Gonçalves, I.M.B., Costa, P., Sousa Lobo, J.M. (2013). Note on the Measurement of Bulk Density and Tapped Density of Powders According to the European Pharmacopeia. AAPS PharmSciTech, 14(3), 1098-1100.
Søgaard, H.T., Kierkegaard, P. (1994). Yield reduction resulting from uneven fertilizer distribution. Transactions of the ASAE, 37(6), 1749-1752.
Taylor, B.N., Kuyatt, C.H. (1994). Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results. NIST Technical Note 1297.
Taylor, J.R. (1997). An Introduction to Error Analysis. The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements. Sausalito. California. University Science Books.
Virk, S.S., Mullenix, D.K., Sharda, A., Hall, J.B., Wood, C.W., Fasina, O.O., McDonald, T.P., Pate, G.L., Fulton, J.P. (2013). Case study: Distribution uniformity of a blended fertilizer applied using a variable-rate spinner-disc spreader. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 29(5), 627-636.